Publications

@article{pmid38833073,

title = {Alteration of gene expression and protein solubility of the PI 5-phosphatase SHIP2 are correlated with Alzheimer's disease pathology progression},

author = {Kunie Ando and Fahri Küçükali and Emilie Doeraene and Siranjeevi Nagaraj and Eugenia Maria Antonelli and May Thazin Htut and Zehra Yilmaz and Andreea-Claudia Kosa and Lidia Lopez-Guitierrez and Carolina Quintanilla-Sánchez and Emmanuel Aydin and Ana Raquel Ramos and Salwa Mansour and Sabrina Turbant and Stéphane Schurmans and Kristel Sleegers and Christophe Erneux and Jean-Pierre Brion and Karelle Leroy and },

doi = {10.1007/s00401-024-02745-7},

issn = {1432-0533},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-06-01},

journal = {Acta Neuropathol},

volume = {147},

number = {1},

pages = {94},

abstract = {A recent large genome-wide association study has identified EGFR (encoding the epidermal growth factor EGFR) as a new genetic risk factor for late-onset AD. SHIP2, encoded by INPPL1, is taking part in the signalling and interactome of several growth factor receptors, such as the EGFR. While INPPL1 has been identified as one of the most significant genes whose RNA expression correlates with cognitive decline, the potential alteration of SHIP2 expression and localization during the progression of AD remains largely unknown. Here we report that gene expression of both EGFR and INPPL1 was upregulated in AD brains. SHIP2 immunoreactivity was predominantly detected in plaque-associated astrocytes and dystrophic neurites and its increase was correlated with amyloid load in the brain of human AD and of 5xFAD transgenic mouse model of AD. While mRNA of INPPL1 was increased in AD, SHIP2 protein undergoes a significant solubility change being depleted from the soluble fraction of AD brain homogenates and co-enriched with EGFR in the insoluble fraction. Using FRET-based flow cytometry biosensor assay for tau-tau interaction, overexpression of SHIP2 significantly increased the FRET signal while siRNA-mediated downexpression of SHIP2 significantly decreased FRET signal. Genetic association analyses suggest that some variants in INPPL1 locus are associated with the level of CSF pTau. Our data support the hypothesis that SHIP2 is an intermediate key player of EGFR and AD pathology linking amyloid and tau pathologies in human AD.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid38895427b,

title = {Inhibition of the Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2-α Kinase PERK Decreases Risk of Autoimmune Diabetes in Mice},

author = {Charanya Muralidharan and Fei Huang and Jacob R Enriquez and Jiayi E Wang and Jennifer B Nelson and Titli Nargis and Sarah C May and Advaita Chakraborty and Kayla T Figatner and Svetlana Navitskaya and Cara M Anderson and Veronica Calvo and David Surguladze and Mark J Mulvihill and Xiaoyan Yi and Soumyadeep Sarkar and Scott A Oakes and Bobbie-Jo M Webb-Robertson and Emily K Sims and Kirk A Staschke and Decio L Eizirik and Ernesto S Nakayasu and Michael E Stokes and Sarah A Tersey and Raghavendra G Mirmira},

doi = {10.1101/2023.10.06.561126},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-06-01},

journal = {bioRxiv},

abstract = {Preventing the onset of autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) is feasible through pharmacological interventions that target molecular stress-responsive mechanisms. Cellular stresses, such as nutrient deficiency, viral infection, or unfolded proteins, trigger the integrated stress response (ISR), which curtails protein synthesis by phosphorylating eIF2α. In T1D, maladaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) in insulin-producing β cells renders these cells susceptible to autoimmunity. We show that inhibition of the eIF2α kinase PERK, a common component of the UPR and ISR, reverses the mRNA translation block in stressed human islets and delays the onset of diabetes, reduces islet inflammation, and preserves β cell mass in T1D-susceptible mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing of islets from PERK-inhibited mice shows reductions in the UPR and PERK signaling pathways and alterations in antigen processing and presentation pathways in β cells. Spatial proteomics of islets from these mice shows an increase in the immune checkpoint protein PD-L1 in β cells. Golgi membrane protein 1, whose levels increase following PERK inhibition in human islets and EndoC-βH1 human β cells, interacts with and stabilizes PD-L1. Collectively, our studies show that PERK activity enhances β cell immunogenicity, and inhibition of PERK may offer a strategy to prevent or delay the development of T1D.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid38822524,

title = {PDIA3 orchestrates effector T cell program by serving as a chaperone to facilitate the non-canonical nuclear import of STAT1 and PKM2},

author = {Chun-Liang Yang and Fa-Xi Wang and Jia-Hui Luo and Shan-Jie Rong and Wan-Ying Lu and Qi-Jie Chen and Jun Xiao and Ting Wang and Dan-Ni Song and Jing Liu and Qian Mo and Shuo Li and Yu Chen and Ya-Nan Wang and Yan-Jun Liu and Tong Yan and Wei-Kuan Gu and Shu Zhang and Fei Xiong and Qi-Lin Yu and Zi-Yun Zhang and Ping Yang and Shi-Wei Liu and Decio Eizirik and Ling-Li Dong and Fei Sun and Cong-Yi Wang},

doi = {10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.05.038},

issn = {1525-0024},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-05-01},

journal = {Mol Ther},

abstract = {Dysregulated T cell activation underpins the immunopathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), yet the machineries that orchestrate T cell effector program remain incompletely understood. Herein, we leveraged bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data from RA patients and validated protein disulfide-isomerase A3 (PDIA3) as a potential therapeutic target. PDIA3 is remarkably upregulated in pathogenic CD4 T cells derived from RA patients and positively correlates with C-reactive protein (CRP) level and disease activity score 28 (DAS28). Pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of PDIA3 alleviates RA-associated articular pathology and autoimmune responses. Mechanistically, T cell receptor (TCR) signaling triggers intracellular calcium flux to activate NFAT1, a process that is further potentiated by Wnt5a under RA settings. Activated NFAT1 then directly binds to the Pdia3 promoter to enhance the expression of PDIA3, which complexes with STAT1 or PKM2 to facilitate their nuclear import for transcribing Th1 and Th17 lineage-related genes, respectively. This non-canonical regulatory mechanism likely occurs under pathological conditions as PDIA3 could only be highly induced following aberrant external stimuli. Together, our data support that targeting PDIA3 is a vital strategy to mitigate autoimmune diseases, such as RA, in clinical settings.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Arunagiri2024,

title = {Proinsulin folding and trafficking defects trigger a common pathological disturbance of endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis},

author = {Anoop Arunagiri and Maroof Alam and Leena Haataja and Hassan Draz and Bashiyer Alasad and Praveen Samy and Nadeed Sadique and Yue Tong and Ying Cai and Hadis Shakeri and Federica Fantuzzi and Hazem Ibrahim and Insook Jang and Vaibhav Sidarala and Scott A. Soleimanpour and Leslie S. Satin and Timo Otonkoski and Miriam Cnop and Pamela Itkin‐Ansari and Randal J. Kaufman and Ming Liu and Peter Arvan},

doi = {10.1002/pro.4949},

issn = {1469-896X},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-04-00},

journal = {Protein Science},

volume = {33},

number = {4},

publisher = {Wiley},

abstract = {AbstractPrimary defects in folding of mutant proinsulin can cause dominant‐negative proinsulin accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), impaired anterograde proinsulin trafficking, perturbed ER homeostasis, diminished insulin production, and β‐cell dysfunction. Conversely, if primary impairment of ER‐to‐Golgi trafficking (which also perturbs ER homeostasis) drives misfolding of nonmutant proinsulin—this might suggest bi‐directional entry into a common pathological phenotype (proinsulin misfolding, perturbed ER homeostasis, and deficient ER export of proinsulin) that can culminate in diminished insulin storage and diabetes. Here, we've challenged β‐cells with conditions that impair ER‐to‐Golgi trafficking, and devised an accurate means to assess the relative abundance of distinct folded/misfolded forms of proinsulin using a novel nonreducing SDS‐PAGE/immunoblotting protocol. We confirm abundant proinsulin misfolding upon introduction of a diabetogenic INS mutation, or in the islets of db/db mice. Whereas blockade of proinsulin trafficking in Golgi/post‐Golgi compartments results in intracellular accumulation of properly‐folded proinsulin (bearing native disulfide bonds), impairment of ER‐to‐Golgi trafficking (regardless whether such impairment is achieved by genetic or pharmacologic means) results in decreased native proinsulin with more misfolded proinsulin. Remarkably, reversible ER‐to‐Golgi transport defects (such as treatment with brefeldin A or cellular energy depletion) upon reversal quickly restore the ER folding environment, resulting in the disappearance of pre‐existing misfolded proinsulin while preserving proinsulin bearing native disulfide bonds. Thus, proper homeostatic balance of ER‐to‐Golgi trafficking is linked to a more favorable proinsulin folding (as well as trafficking) outcome.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid38409439,

title = {Interferons are key cytokines acting on pancreatic islets in type 1 diabetes},

author = {Alexandra Coomans de Brachène and Maria Ines Alvelos and Florian Szymczak and Priscila L Zimath and Angela Castela and Bianca Marmontel de Souza and Arturo Roca Rivada and Sandra Marín-Cañas and Xiaoyan Yi and Anne Op de Beeck and Noel G Morgan and Sebastian Sonntag and Sayro Jawurek and Alexandra C Title and Burcak Yesildag and François Pattou and Julie Kerr-Conte and Eduard Montanya and Montserrat Nacher and Lorella Marselli and Piero Marchetti and Sarah J Richardson and Decio L Eizirik},

doi = {10.1007/s00125-024-06106-7},

issn = {1432-0428},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-02-01},

journal = {Diabetologia},

abstract = {AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The proinflammatory cytokines IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β and TNF-α may contribute to innate and adaptive immune responses during insulitis in type 1 diabetes and therefore represent attractive therapeutic targets to protect beta cells. However, the specific role of each of these cytokines individually on pancreatic beta cells remains unknown.nnMETHODS: We used deep RNA-seq analysis, followed by extensive confirmation experiments based on reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), western blot, histology and use of siRNAs, to characterise the response of human pancreatic beta cells to each cytokine individually and compared the signatures obtained with those present in islets of individuals affected by type 1 diabetes.nnRESULTS: IFN-α and IFN-γ had a greater impact on the beta cell transcriptome when compared with IL-1β and TNF-α. The IFN-induced gene signatures have a strong correlation with those observed in beta cells from individuals with type 1 diabetes, and the level of expression of specific IFN-stimulated genes is positively correlated with proteins present in islets of these individuals, regulating beta cell responses to 'danger signals' such as viral infections. Zinc finger NFX1-type containing 1 (ZNFX1), a double-stranded RNA sensor, was identified as highly induced by IFNs and shown to play a key role in the antiviral response in beta cells.nnCONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: These data suggest that IFN-α and IFN-γ are key cytokines at the islet level in human type 1 diabetes, contributing to the triggering and amplification of autoimmunity.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid38409327,

title = {Redox regulation of mA methyltransferase METTL3 in β-cells controls the innate immune response in type 1 diabetes},

author = {Dario F De Jesus and Zijie Zhang and Natalie K Brown and Xiaolu Li and Ling Xiao and Jiang Hu and Matthew J Gaffrey and Garrett Fogarty and Sevim Kahraman and Jiangbo Wei and Giorgio Basile and Tariq M Rana and Clayton Mathews and Alvin C Powers and Audrey V Parent and Mark A Atkinson and Sirano Dhe-Paganon and Decio L Eizirik and Wei-Jun Qian and Chuan He and Rohit N Kulkarni},

doi = {10.1038/s41556-024-01368-0},

issn = {1476-4679},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-02-01},

journal = {Nat Cell Biol},

abstract = {Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Several observations have renewed the interest in β-cell RNA sensors and editors. Here, we report that N-methyladenosine (mA) is an adaptive β-cell safeguard mechanism that controls the amplitude and duration of the antiviral innate immune response at T1D onset. mA writer methyltransferase 3 (METTL3) levels increase drastically in β-cells at T1D onset but rapidly decline with disease progression. mA sequencing revealed the mA hypermethylation of several key innate immune mediators, including OAS1, OAS2, OAS3 and ADAR1 in human islets and EndoC-βH1 cells at T1D onset. METTL3 silencing enhanced 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase levels by increasing its mRNA stability. Consistently, in vivo gene therapy to prolong Mettl3 overexpression specifically in β-cells delayed diabetes progression in the non-obese diabetic mouse model of T1D. Mechanistically, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species blocked upregulation of METTL3 in response to cytokines, while physiological levels of nitric oxide enhanced METTL3 levels and activity. Furthermore, we report that the cysteines in position C276 and C326 in the zinc finger domains of the METTL3 protein are sensitive to S-nitrosylation and are important to the METTL3-mediated regulation of oligoadenylate synthase mRNA stability in human β-cells. Collectively, we report that mA regulates the innate immune response at the β-cell level during the onset of T1D in humans.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pirone202302203,

title = {RedRibbon: A new rank–rank hypergeometric overlap for gene and transcript expression signatures},

author = {Anthony Piron and Florian Szymczak and Theodora Papadopoulou and Maria Inês Alvelos and Matthieu Defrance and Tom Lenaerts and Décio L Eizirik and Miriam Cnop},

url = {https://www.life-science-alliance.org/content/7/2/e202302203},

doi = {10.26508/lsa.202302203},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Life Science Alliance},

volume = {7},

number = {2},

publisher = {Life Science Alliance},

abstract = {High-throughput omics technologies have generated a wealth of large protein, gene, and transcript datasets that have exacerbated the need for new methods to analyse and compare big datasets. Rank–rank hypergeometric overlap is an important threshold-free method to combine and visualize two ranked lists of P-values or fold-changes, usually from differential gene expression analyses. Here, we introduce a new rank–rank hypergeometric overlap-based method aimed at gene level and alternative splicing analyses at transcript or exon level, hitherto unreachable as transcript numbers are an order of magnitude larger than gene numbers. We tested the tool on synthetic and real datasets at gene and transcript levels to detect correlation and anticorrelation patterns and found it to be fast and accurate, even on very large datasets thanks to an evolutionary algorithm-based minimal P-value search. The tool comes with a ready-to-use permutation scheme allowing the computation of adjusted P-values at low time cost. The package compatibility mode is a drop-in replacement to previous packages. RedRibbon holds the promise to accurately extricate detailed information from large comparative analyses.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid37949065,

title = {Stress-induced β cell early senescence confers protection against type 1 diabetes},

author = {Hugo Lee and Gulcan Semra Sahin and Chien-Wen Chen and Shreyash Sonthalia and Sandra Marín Cañas and Hulya Zeynep Oktay and Alexander T Duckworth and Gabriel Brawerman and Peter J Thompson and Maria Hatzoglou and Decio L Eizirik and Feyza Engin},

doi = {10.1016/j.cmet.2023.10.014},

issn = {1932-7420},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-12-01},

journal = {Cell Metab},

volume = {35},

number = {12},

pages = {2200--2215.e9},

abstract = {During the progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D), β cells are exposed to significant stress and, therefore, require adaptive responses to survive. The adaptive mechanisms that can preserve β cell function and survival in the face of autoimmunity remain unclear. Here, we show that the deletion of the unfolded protein response (UPR) genes Atf6α or Ire1α in β cells of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice prior to insulitis generates a p21-driven early senescence phenotype and alters the β cell secretome that significantly enhances the leukemia inhibitory factor-mediated recruitment of M2 macrophages to islets. Consequently, M2 macrophages promote anti-inflammatory responses and immune surveillance that cause the resolution of islet inflammation, the removal of terminally senesced β cells, the reduction of β cell apoptosis, and protection against T1D. We further demonstrate that the p21-mediated early senescence signature is conserved in the residual β cells of T1D patients. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized link between β cell UPR and senescence that, if leveraged, may represent a novel preventive strategy for T1D.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid37897566,

title = {Impact of metformin and Dysosmobacter welbionis on diet-induced obesity and diabetes: from clinical observation to preclinical intervention},

author = {Emilie Moens de Hase and Audrey M Neyrinck and Julie Rodriguez and Miriam Cnop and Nicolas Paquot and Jean-Paul Thissen and Yining Xu and Ana Beloqui and Laure B Bindels and Nathalie M Delzenne and Matthias Van Hul and Patrice D Cani},

doi = {10.1007/s00125-023-06032-0},

issn = {1432-0428},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-01},

journal = {Diabetologia},

abstract = {AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We aimed to investigate the association between the abundance of Dysosmobacter welbionis, a commensal gut bacterium, and metabolic health in human participants with obesity and diabetes, and the influence of metformin treatment and prebiotic intervention.nnMETHODS: Metabolic variables were assessed and faecal samples were collected from 106 participants in a randomised controlled intervention with a prebiotic stratified by metformin treatment (Food4Gut trial). The abundance of D. welbionis was measured by quantitative PCR and correlated with metabolic markers. The in vitro effect of metformin on D. welbionis growth was evaluated and an in vivo study was performed in mice to investigate the effects of metformin and D. welbionis J115 supplementation, either alone or in combination, on metabolic variables.nnRESULTS: D. welbionis abundance was unaffected by prebiotic treatment but was significantly higher in metformin-treated participants. Responders to prebiotic treatment had higher baseline D. welbionis levels than non-responders. D. welbionis was negatively correlated with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and fasting blood glucose levels in humans with obesity and type 2 diabetes. In vitro, metformin had no direct effect on D. welbionis growth. In mice, D. welbionis J115 treatment reduced body weight gain and liver weight, and improved glucose tolerance to a better level than metformin, but did not have synergistic effects with metformin.nnCONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: D. welbionis abundance is influenced by metformin treatment and associated with prebiotic response, liver health and glucose metabolism in humans with obesity and diabetes. This study suggests that D. welbionis may play a role in metabolic health and warrants further investigation.nnCLINICAL TRIAL: NCT03852069.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid37493471,

title = {Islet cells in human type 1 diabetes: from recent advances to novel therapies - a symposium-based roadmap for future research},

author = {J Cantley and D L Eizirik and E Latres and C M Dayan},

doi = {10.1530/JOE-23-0082},

issn = {1479-6805},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-09-01},

journal = {J Endocrinol},

volume = {259},

number = {1},

abstract = {There is a growing understanding that the early phases of type 1 diabetes (T1D) are characterised by a deleterious dialogue between the pancreatic beta cells and the immune system. This, combined with the urgent need to better translate this growing knowledge into novel therapies, provided the background for the JDRF-DiabetesUK-INNODIA-nPOD symposium entitled 'Islet cells in human T1D: from recent advances to novel therapies', which took place in Stockholm, Sweden, in September 2022. We provide in this article an overview of the main themes addressed in the symposium, pointing to both promising conclusions and key unmet needs that remain to be addressed in order to achieve better approaches to prevent or reverse T1D.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid37749140,

title = {Myo9b mutations are associated with altered dendritic cell functions and increased susceptibility to autoimmune diabetes onset},

author = {Jing Zhang and Yuan Zou and Longmin Chen and Fei Sun and Qianqian Xu and Qing Zhou and Yi Wang and Xi Luo and Na Wang and Yang Li and Shu Zhang and Fei Xiong and Ping Yang and Shiwei Liu and Tao Yang and Jianping Weng and Décio L Eizirik and Jinhua Yan and Zhiguang Zhou and Cong-Yi Wang},

doi = {10.1038/s41467-023-41534-w},

issn = {2041-1723},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-09-01},

journal = {Nat Commun},

volume = {14},

number = {1},

pages = {5977},

abstract = {The regulation of autoimmunity against pancreatic islet β cells for type 1 diabetes (T1D) onset is still unclear. NOD/ShiLtJ (NOD) mice are prone to the onset of autoimmune diabetes, but its congenic strain, ALR/Lt (ALR), is not. Here we show that dendritic cells (DC) in ALR mice have impaired migratory and T-cell priming capability. Genomic comparative analysis maps a 33-bp deletion in the ALR Myosin IXb (Myo9b) gene when compared with NOD genome; meanwhile, data from knock-in models show that this ALR Myo9b allele impairs phenotypic and functional maturation of DCs, and prevents the development and progression of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. In parallel, while the ALR 33-bp deletion of Myo9b is not conserved in human, we find a MYO9B R133Q polymorphism associating with increased risk of T1D and enhanced DC function in patients with T1D. Our results thus hint that alterations in Myo9b may contribute to altered DC function and autoimmune diabetes onset.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid37442376,

title = {EndoC-βH5 cells are storable and ready-to-use human pancreatic beta cells with physiological insulin secretion},

author = {Bruno Blanchi and Marion Taurand and Claire Colace and Sofia Thomaidou and Charlotte Audeoud and Federica Fantuzzi and Toshiaki Sawatani and Sevda Gheibi and Joan Sabadell-Basallote and Fransje W J Boot and Thibault Chantier and Aline Piet and Charlotte Cavanihac and Marion Pilette and Adélie Balguerie and Hamza Olleik and Françoise Carlotti and Miriam Ejarque and Malin Fex and Hindrik Mulder and Miriam Cnop and Decio L Eizirik and Ouardane Jouannot and Anne-Lise Gaffuri and Paul Czernichow and Arnaud Zaldumbide and Raphaël Scharfmann and Philippe Ravassard},

doi = {10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101772},

issn = {2212-8778},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-07-01},

journal = {Mol Metab},

pages = {101772},

abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Readily accessible human pancreatic beta cells that are functionally close to primary adult beta cells are a crucial model to better understand human beta cell physiology and develop new treatments for diabetes. We here report the characterization of EndoC-βH5 cells, the latest in the EndoC-βH cell family.nnMETHODS: EndoC-βH5 cells were generated by integrative gene transfer of immortalizing transgenes hTERT and SV40 large T along with Herpes Simplex Virus-1 thymidine kinase into human fetal pancreas. Immortalizing transgenes were removed after amplification using CRE activation and remaining non-excized cells eliminated using ganciclovir. Resulting cells were distributed as ready to use EndoC-βH5 cells. We performed transcriptome, immunological and extensive functional assays.nnRESULTS: Ready to use EndoC-βH5 cells display highly efficient glucose dependent insulin secretion. A robust 10-fold insulin secretion index was observed and reproduced in four independent laboratories across Europe. EndoC-βH5 cells secrete insulin in a dynamic manner in response to glucose and secretion is further potentiated by GIP and GLP-1 analogs. RNA-seq confirmed abundant expression of beta cell transcription factors and functional markers, including incretin receptors. Cytokines induce a gene expression signature of inflammatory pathways and antigen processing and presentation. Finally, modified HLA-A2 expressing EndoC-βH5 cells elicit specific A2-alloreactive CD8 T cell activation.nnCONCLUSIONS: EndoC-βH5 cells represent a unique storable and ready to use human pancreatic beta cell model with highly robust and reproducible features. Such cells are thus relevant for the study of beta cell function, screening and validation of new drugs, and development of disease models.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid37500058,

title = {Impact of saturated compared with unsaturated dietary fat on insulin sensitivity, pancreatic β-cell function and glucose tolerance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials},

author = {Maria Lytrivi and Carolina Gomes Da Silveira Cauduro and Jésabelle Kibanda and Paulus Kristanto and Marianne Paesmans and Miriam Cnop},

doi = {10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.07.018},

issn = {1938-3207},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-07-01},

journal = {Am J Clin Nutr},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: The impact of the dietary fat type on type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear.nnOBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the effects of replacing dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA) with mono- or poly-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA, respectively) on insulin sensitivity, pancreatic β-cell function, and glucose tolerance, as surrogate endpoints for T2D.nnMETHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that replaced ≥5% of total energy intake provided by SFA with MUFA or PUFA and reported indexes of insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and/or glucose tolerance. We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) up to 9 January, 2023. Eligible interventions had to be isocaloric, with no significant difference in other macronutrients. Data were synthesized using random-effects model meta-analysis.nnRESULTS: Of 6355 records identified, 10 parallel and 20 crossover trials with 1586 participants were included. The mean age of the participants was 42 years, 47% were male, mean body mass index (BMI; in kg/m) was 26.8, median baseline fasting glucose was 5.13 mmol/L, and the median duration of interventions was 5 weeks. Replacing SFA with MUFA or PUFA had no significant effects on insulin sensitivity [standardized mean difference (SMD) SFA compared with MUFA: 0.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.06 to 0.09, I = 0% and SMD SFA compared with PUFA: 0, 95% CI: -0.15 to 0.14, I = 0%]. Replacing SFA with MUFA did not significantly impact the β-cell function, evaluated by the disposition index (mean difference: -12, 95% CI: -158 to 133, I=0%). Evidence on glucose tolerance (SFA compared with MUFA or PUFA) and on β-cell function when SFA were replaced with PUFA was scant.nnCONCLUSIONS: Short-term substitution of saturated with unsaturated fat does not significantly affect insulin sensitivity nor β-cell function (the latter in the SFA compared with MUFA comparison). Future studies are needed to elucidate longer term effects of dietary fat saturation on glucose homeostasis. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42020178382.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid37250773,

title = {Adipose tissue plasticity in pheochromocytoma patients suggests a role of the splicing machinery in human adipose browning},

author = {Moisés Castellá and Albert Blasco-Roset and Marion Peyrou and Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro and Joan Villarroya and Tania Quesada-López and Leyre Lorente-Poch and Juan Sancho and Florian Szymczak and Anthony Piron and Sonia Rodríguez-Fernández and Stefania Carobbio and Albert Goday and Pere Domingo and Antonio Vidal-Puig and Marta Giralt and Décio L Eizirik and Francesc Villarroya and Rubén Cereijo},

doi = {10.1016/j.isci.2023.106847},

issn = {2589-0042},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-06-01},

journal = {iScience},

volume = {26},

number = {6},

pages = {106847},

abstract = {Adipose tissue from pheochromocytoma patients acquires brown fat features, making it a valuable model for studying the mechanisms that control thermogenic adipose plasticity in humans. Transcriptomic analyses revealed a massive downregulation of splicing machinery components and splicing regulatory factors in browned adipose tissue from patients, with upregulation of a few genes encoding RNA-binding proteins potentially involved in splicing regulation. These changes were also observed in cell culture models of human brown adipocyte differentiation, confirming a potential involvement of splicing in the cell-autonomous control of adipose browning. The coordinated changes in splicing are associated with a profound modification in the expression levels of splicing-driven transcript isoforms for genes involved in the specialized metabolism of brown adipocytes and those encoding master transcriptional regulators of adipose browning. Splicing control appears to be a relevant component of the coordinated gene expression changes that allow human adipose tissue to acquire a brown phenotype.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid37072614,

title = {Why does the immune system destroy pancreatic β-cells but not α-cells in type 1 diabetes?},

author = {Decio L Eizirik and Florian Szymczak and Roberto Mallone},

doi = {10.1038/s41574-023-00826-3},

issn = {1759-5037},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-04-01},

journal = {Nat Rev Endocrinol},

abstract = {A perplexing feature of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is that the immune system destroys pancreatic β-cells but not neighbouring α-cells, even though both β-cells and α-cells are dysfunctional. Dysfunction, however, progresses to death only for β-cells. Recent findings indicate important differences between these two cell types. First, expression of BCL2L1, a key antiapoptotic gene, is higher in α-cells than in β-cells. Second, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes are differentially expressed, with higher expression levels of pro-apoptotic CHOP in β-cells than in α-cells and higher expression levels of HSPA5 (which encodes the protective chaperone BiP) in α-cells than in β-cells. Third, expression of viral recognition and innate immune response genes is higher in α-cells than in β-cells, contributing to the enhanced resistance of α-cells to coxsackievirus infection. Fourth, expression of the immune-inhibitory HLA-E molecule is higher in α-cells than in β-cells. Of note, α-cells are less immunogenic than β-cells, and the CD8 T cells invading the islets in T1D are reactive to pre-proinsulin but not to glucagon. We suggest that this finding is a result of the enhanced capacity of the α-cell to endure viral infections and ER stress, which enables them to better survive early stressors that can cause cell death and consequently amplify antigen presentation to the immune system. Moreover, the processing of the pre-proglucagon precursor in enteroendocrine cells might favour immune tolerance towards this potential self-antigen compared to pre-proinsulin.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid36401627,

title = {Exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention to protect pancreatic beta cells in individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes},

author = {Alexandra Coomans de Brachène and Corentin Scoubeau and Anyïshai E Musuaya and Jose Maria Costa-Junior and Angela Castela and Julie Carpentier and Vitalie Faoro and Malgorzata Klass and Miriam Cnop and Decio L Eizirik},

doi = {10.1007/s00125-022-05837-9},

issn = {1432-0428},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-03-01},

journal = {Diabetologia},

volume = {66},

number = {3},

pages = {450--460},

abstract = {AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Diabetes is characterised by progressive loss of functional pancreatic beta cells. None of the therapeutic agents used to treat diabetes arrest this process; preventing beta cell loss remains a major unmet need. We have previously shown that serum from eight young healthy male participants who exercised for 8 weeks protected human islets and insulin-producing EndoC-βH1 cells from apoptosis induced by proinflammatory cytokines or the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressor thapsigargin. Whether this protective effect is influenced by sex, age, training modality, ancestry or diabetes is unknown.



METHODS: We enrolled 82 individuals, male or female, non-diabetic or diabetic, from different origins, in different supervised training protocols for 8-12 weeks (including training at home during the COVID-19 pandemic). EndoC-βH1 cells were treated with 'exercised' serum or with the exerkine clusterin to ascertain cytoprotection from ER stress.



RESULTS: The exercise interventions were effective and improved [Formula: see text] values in both younger and older, non-obese and obese, non-diabetic and diabetic participants. Serum obtained after training conferred significant beta cell protection (28% to 35% protection after 4 and 8 weeks of training, respectively) from severe ER stress-induced apoptosis. Cytoprotection was not affected by the type of exercise training or participant age, sex, BMI or ancestry, and persisted for up to 2 months after the end of the training programme. Serum from exercised participants with type 1 or type 2 diabetes was similarly protective. Clusterin reproduced the beneficial effects of exercised sera.



CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: These data uncover the unexpected potential to preserve beta cell health by exercise training, opening a new avenue to prevent or slow diabetes progression through humoral muscle-beta cell crosstalk.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid36988639,

title = {Inhibition of the type 1 diabetes candidate gene PTPN2 aggravates TNF-α-induced human beta cell dysfunction and death},

author = {Arturo Roca-Rivada and Sandra Marín-Cañas and Maikel L Colli and Chiara Vinci and Toshiaki Sawatani and Lorella Marselli and Miriam Cnop and Piero Marchetti and Decio L Eizirik},

doi = {10.1007/s00125-023-05908-5},

issn = {1432-0428},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-03-01},

journal = {Diabetologia},

abstract = {AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: TNF-α plays a role in pancreatic beta cell loss in type 1 diabetes mellitus. In clinical interventions, TNF-α inhibition preserves C-peptide levels in early type 1 diabetes. In this study we evaluated the crosstalk of TNF-α, as compared with type I IFNs, with the type 1 diabetes candidate gene PTPN2 (encoding protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 [PTPN2]) in human beta cells.



METHODS: EndoC-βH1 cells, dispersed human pancreatic islets or induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived islet-like cells were transfected with siRNAs targeting various genes (siCTRL, siPTPN2, siJNK1, siJNK3 or siBIM). Cells were treated for 48 h with IFN-α (2000 U/ml) or TNF-α (1000 U/ml). Cell death was evaluated using Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide staining. mRNA levels were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and protein expression by immunoblot.



RESULTS: PTPN2 silencing sensitised beta cells to cytotoxicity induced by IFN-α and/or TNF-α by 20-50%, depending on the human cell model utilised; there was no potentiation between the cytokines. We silenced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1 or Bcl-2-like protein 2 (BIM), and this abolished the proapoptotic effects of IFN-α, TNF-α or the combination of both after PTPN2 inhibition. We further observed that PTPN2 silencing increased TNF-α-induced JNK1 and BIM phosphorylation and that JNK3 is necessary for beta cell resistance to IFN-α cytotoxicity.



CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: We show that the type 1 diabetes candidate gene PTPN2 is a key regulator of the deleterious effects of TNF-α in human beta cells. It is conceivable that people with type 1 diabetes carrying risk-associated PTPN2 polymorphisms may particularly benefit from therapies inhibiting TNF-α.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{RN727,

title = {GLP-1R agonists demonstrate potential to treat Wolfram syndrome in human preclinical models},

author = {Vyron Gorgogietas and Bahareh Rajaei and Chae Heeyoung and Bruno J. Santacreu and Sandra Marín-Cañas and Paraskevi Salpea and Toshiaki Sawatani and Anyishai Musuaya and María N. Arroyo and Cristina Moreno-Castro and Khadija Benabdallah and Celine Demarez and Sanna Toivonen and Cristina Cosentino and Nathalie Pachera and Maria Lytrivi and Ying Cai and Lode Carnel and Cris Brown and Fumihiko Urano and Piero Marchetti and Patrick Gilon and Decio L. Eizirik and Miriam Cnop and Mariana Igoillo-Esteve},

doi = {10.1007/s00125-023-05905-8},

issn = {0012-186X 1432-0428},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-30},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Diabetologia},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid36201618,

title = {Recognition of mRNA Splice Variant and Secretory Granule Epitopes by CD4+ T Cells in Type 1 Diabetes},

author = {Perrin Guyer and David Arribas-Layton and Anthony Manganaro and Cate Speake and Sandra Lord and Decio L Eizirik and Sally C Kent and Roberto Mallone and Eddie A James},

doi = {10.2337/db22-0191},

issn = {1939-327X},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Diabetes},

volume = {72},

number = {1},

pages = {85--96},

abstract = {A recent discovery effort resulted in identification of novel splice variant and secretory granule antigens within the HLA class I peptidome of human islets and documentation of their recognition by CD8+ T cells from peripheral blood and human islets. In the current study, we applied a systematic discovery process to identify novel CD4+ T cell epitopes derived from these candidate antigens. We predicted 145 potential epitopes spanning unique splice junctions and within conventional secretory granule antigens and measured their in vitro binding to DRB1*04:01. We generated HLA class II tetramers for the 35 peptides with detectable binding and used these to assess immunogenicity and isolate T cell clones. Tetramers corresponding to peptides with verified immunogenicity were then used to label T cells specific for these putative epitopes in peripheral blood. T cells that recognize distinct epitopes derived from a cyclin I splice variant, neuroendocrine convertase 2, and urocortin-3 were detected at frequencies that were similar to those of an immunodominant proinsulin epitope. Cells specific for these novel epitopes predominantly exhibited a Th1-like surface phenotype. Among the three epitopes, responses to the cyclin I peptide exhibited a distinct memory profile. Responses to neuroendocrine convertase 2 were detected among pancreatic infiltrating T cells. These results further establish the contribution of unconventional antigens to the loss of tolerance in autoimmune diabetes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid36824360,

title = {A long non-coding RNA that harbors a SNP associated with type 2 diabetes regulates the expression of  gene in pancreatic beta cells},

author = {Itziar González-Moro and Henar Rojas-Márquez and Maialen Sebastian-delaCruz and Jon Mentxaka-Salgado and Ane Olazagoitia-Garmendia and Luis Manuel Mendoza and Aina Lluch and Federica Fantuzzi and Carmen Lambert and Jessica Ares Blanco and Lorella Marselli and Piero Marchetti and Miriam Cnop and Elías Delgado and José Manuel Fernández-Real and Francisco José Ortega and Ainara Castellanos-Rubio and Izortze Santin},

doi = {10.3389/fendo.2023.1101934},

issn = {1664-2392},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)},

volume = {14},

pages = {1101934},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Most of the disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) lie in non- coding regions of the human genome. Many of these variants have been predicted to impact the expression and function of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), but the contribution of these molecules to the development of complex diseases remains to be clarified.



METHODS: Here, we performed a genetic association study between a SNP located in a lncRNA known as LncTGM2 and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), and analyzed its implication in disease pathogenesis at pancreatic beta cell level. Genetic association study was performed on human samples linking the rs2076380 polymorphism with T2D and glycemic traits. The pancreatic beta cell line EndoC-bH1 was employed for functional studies based on LncTGM2 silencing and overexpression experiments. Human pancreatic islets were used for eQTL analysis.



RESULTS: We have identified a genetic association between LncTGM2 and T2D risk. Functional characterization of the LncTGM2 revealed its implication in the transcriptional regulation of TGM2, coding for a transglutaminase. The T2Dassociated risk allele in LncTGM2 disrupts the secondary structure of this lncRNA, affecting its stability and the expression of TGM2 in pancreatic beta cells. Diminished LncTGM2 in human beta cells impairs glucose-stimulated insulin release.



CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide novel information on the molecular mechanisms by which T2D-associated SNPs in lncRNAs may contribute to disease, paving the way for the development of new therapies based on the modulation of lncRNAs.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid36543979,

title = {Sphingolipid subtypes differentially control proinsulin processing and systemic glucose homeostasis},

author = {Kerstin Griess and Michael Rieck and Nadine Müller and Gergely Karsai and Sonja Hartwig and Angela Pelligra and Robert Hardt and Caroline Schlegel and Jennifer Kuboth and Celina Uhlemeyer and Sandra Trenkamp and Kay Jeruschke and Jürgen Weiss and Leon Peifer-Weiss and Weiwei Xu and Sandra Cames and Xiaoyan Yi and Miriam Cnop and Mathias Beller and Holger Stark and Arun Kumar Kondadi and Andreas S Reichert and Daniel Markgraf and Marianne Wammers and Dieter Häussinger and Oliver Kuss and Stefan Lehr and Decio Eizirik and Heiko Lickert and Eckhard Lammert and Michael Roden and Dominic Winter and Hadi Al-Hasani and Doris Höglinger and Thorsten Hornemann and Jens C Brüning and Bengt-Frederik Belgardt},

doi = {10.1038/s41556-022-01027-2},

issn = {1476-4679},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Nat Cell Biol},

volume = {25},

number = {1},

pages = {20--29},

abstract = {Impaired proinsulin-to-insulin processing in pancreatic β-cells is a key defective step in both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D) (refs. ), but the mechanisms involved remain to be defined. Altered metabolism of sphingolipids (SLs) has been linked to development of obesity, type 1 diabetes and T2D (refs. ); nonetheless, the role of specific SL species in β-cell function and demise is unclear. Here we define the lipid signature of T2D-associated β-cell failure, including an imbalance of specific very-long-chain SLs and long-chain SLs. β-cell-specific ablation of CerS2, the enzyme necessary for generation of very-long-chain SLs, selectively reduces insulin content, impairs insulin secretion and disturbs systemic glucose tolerance in multiple complementary models. In contrast, ablation of long-chain-SL-synthesizing enzymes has no effect on insulin content. By quantitatively defining the SL-protein interactome, we reveal that CerS2 ablation affects SL binding to several endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi transport proteins, including Tmed2, which we define as an endogenous regulator of the essential proinsulin processing enzyme Pcsk1. Our study uncovers roles for specific SL subtypes and SL-binding proteins in β-cell function and T2D-associated β-cell failure.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid36415826,

title = {A single-cell human islet interactome atlas identifies disrupted autocrine and paracrine communications in type 2 diabetes},

author = {Emanuele Bosi and Lorella Marselli and Mara Suleiman and Marta Tesi and Carmela De Luca and Silvia Del Guerra and Miriam Cnop and Decio L Eizirik and Piero Marchetti},

doi = {10.1093/nargab/lqac084},

issn = {2631-9268},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-12-01},

journal = {NAR Genom Bioinform},

volume = {4},

number = {4},

pages = {lqac084},

abstract = {A sensible control of hormone secretion from pancreatic islets requires concerted inter-cellular communications, but a comprehensive picture of the whole islet interactome is presently missing. Single-cell transcriptomics allows to overcome this and we used here a single-cell dataset from type 2 diabetic (T2D) and non-diabetic (ND) donors to leverage islet interaction networks. The single-cell dataset contains 3046 cells classified in 7 cell types. The interactions across cell types in T2D and ND were obtained and resulting networks analysed to identify high-centrality genes and altered interactions in T2D. The T2D interactome displayed a higher number of interactions (10 787) than ND (9707); 1289 interactions involved beta cells (1147 in ND). High-centrality genes included EGFR, FGFR1 and FGFR2, important for cell survival and proliferation. In conclusion, this analysis represents the first  model of the human islet interactome, enabling the identification of signatures potentially relevant for T2D pathophysiology.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid36345338,

title = {Mining the transcriptome of target tissues of autoimmune and degenerative pancreatic β-cell and brain diseases to discover therapies},

author = {Xiaoyan Yi and Bianca Marmontel de Souza and Toshiaki Sawatani and Florian Szymczak and Lorella Marselli and Piero Marchetti and Miriam Cnop and Decio L Eizirik},

doi = {10.1016/j.isci.2022.105376},

issn = {2589-0042},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-11-01},

journal = {iScience},

volume = {25},

number = {11},

pages = {105376},

abstract = {Target tissues of autoimmune and degenerative diseases show signals of inflammation. We used publicly available RNA-seq data to study whether pancreatic β-cells in type 1 and type 2 diabetes and neuronal tissue in multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease share inflammatory gene signatures. We observed concordantly upregulated genes in pairwise diseases, many of them related to signaling by interleukins and interferons. We next mined these signatures to identify therapies that could be re-purposed/shared among the diseases and identified the bromodomain inhibitors as potential perturbagens to revert the transcriptional signatures. We experimentally confirmed in human β-cells that bromodomain inhibitors I-BET151 and GSK046 prevent the deleterious effects of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interferon-γ and at least some of the effects of the metabolic stressor palmitate. These results demonstrate that key inflammation-induced molecular mechanisms are shared between β-cells and brain in autoimmune and degenerative diseases and that these signatures can be mined for drug discovery.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid36289205,

title = {The type 1 diabetes gene TYK2 regulates β-cell development and its responses to interferon-α},

author = {Vikash Chandra and Hazem Ibrahim and Clémentine Halliez and Rashmi B Prasad and Federica Vecchio and Om Prakash Dwivedi and Jouni Kvist and Diego Balboa and Jonna Saarimäki-Vire and Hossam Montaser and Tom Barsby and Väinö Lithovius and Isabella Artner and Swetha Gopalakrishnan and Leif Groop and Roberto Mallone and Decio L Eizirik and Timo Otonkoski},

doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-34069-z},

issn = {2041-1723},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-01},

journal = {Nat Commun},

volume = {13},

number = {1},

pages = {6363},

abstract = {Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that results in the destruction of insulin producing pancreatic β-cells. One of the genes associated with T1D is TYK2, which encodes a Janus kinase with critical roles in type-Ι interferon (IFN-Ι) mediated intracellular signalling. To study the role of TYK2 in β-cell development and response to IFNα, we generated TYK2 knockout human iPSCs and directed them into the pancreatic endocrine lineage. Here we show that loss of TYK2 compromises the emergence of endocrine precursors by regulating KRAS expression, while mature stem cell-islets (SC-islets) function is not affected. In the SC-islets, the loss or inhibition of TYK2 prevents IFNα-induced antigen processing and presentation, including MHC Class Ι and Class ΙΙ expression, enhancing their survival against CD8 T-cell cytotoxicity. These results identify an unsuspected role for TYK2 in β-cell development and support TYK2 inhibition in adult β-cells as a potent therapeutic target to halt T1D progression.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid36287121,

title = {Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Promote the Transcription of Circular RNAs in Human Pancreatic β Cells},

author = {Simranjeet Kaur and Caroline Frørup and Aashiq H Mirza and Tina Fløyel and Reza Yarani and Maikel L Colli and Jesper Johannesen and Joachim Størling and Decio L Eizirik and Flemming Pociot},

doi = {10.3390/ncrna8050069},

issn = {2311-553X},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-01},

journal = {Noncoding RNA},

volume = {8},

number = {5},

abstract = {Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently been implicated in impaired β-cell function in diabetes. Using microarray-based profiling of circRNAs in human EndoC-βH1 cells treated with pro-inflammatory cytokines, this study aimed to investigate the expression and possible regulatory roles of circRNAs in human β cells. We identified ~5000 β-cell-expressed circRNAs, of which 84 were differentially expressed (DE) after cytokine exposure. Pathway analysis of the host genes of the DE circRNAs revealed the enrichment of cytokine signaling pathways, indicative of circRNA transcription from inflammatory genes in response to cytokines. Multiple binding sites for β-cell-enriched microRNAs and RNA-binding proteins were observed for the highly upregulated circRNAs, supporting their function as 'sponges' or 'decoys'. We also present evidence for circRNA sequence conservation in multiple species, the presence of cytokine-induced regulatory elements, and putative protein-coding potential for the DE circRNAs. This study highlights the complex regulatory potential of circRNAs, which may play a crucial role during immune-mediated β-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid36134336,

title = {Human alpha cell transcriptomic signatures of types 1 and 2 diabetes highlight disease-specific dysfunction pathways},

author = {Emanuele Bosi and Piero Marchetti and Guy Allen Rutter and Decio Laks Eizirik},

doi = {10.1016/j.isci.2022.105056},

issn = {2589-0042},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-01},

journal = {iScience},

volume = {25},

number = {10},

pages = {105056},

abstract = {Although glucagon secretion is perturbed in both T1D and T2D, the pathophysiological changes in individual pancreatic alpha cells are still obscure. Using recently curated single-cell RNASeq data from T1D or T2D donors and their controls, we identified alpha cell transcriptomic alterations consistent with both common and discrete pathways. Although alterations in alpha cell identity gene (ARX, MAFB) expression were conserved, cytokine-regulated genes and genes involved in glucagon biosynthesis and processing were up-regulated in T1D. Conversely, mitochondrial genes associated with ROS (COX7B, NQO2) were dysregulated in T2D. Additionally, T1D alpha cells displayed altered expression of autoimmune-induced ER stress genes (ERLEC1, HSP90), whilst those from T2D subjects showed modified glycolytic and citrate cycle gene (LDHA?, PDHB, PDK4) expression. Thus, despite conserved alterations related to loss of function, alpha cells display disease-specific gene signatures which may be secondary to the main pathogenic events in each disease, namely immune- or metabolism-mediated-stress, in T1D and T2D, respectively.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid36103539,

title = {Transcription and splicing regulation by NLRC5 shape the interferon response in human pancreatic β cells},

author = {Florian Szymczak and Maria Inês Alvelos and Sandra Marín-Cañas and Ângela Castela and Stéphane Demine and Maikel Luis Colli and Anne Op de Beeck and Sofia Thomaidou and Lorella Marselli and Arnaud Zaldumbide and Piero Marchetti and Décio L Eizirik},

doi = {10.1126/sciadv.abn5732},

issn = {2375-2548},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-01},

journal = {Sci Adv},

volume = {8},

number = {37},

pages = {eabn5732},

abstract = {IFNα is a key regulator of the dialogue between pancreatic β cells and the immune system in early type 1 diabetes (T1D). IFNα up-regulates HLA class I expression in human β cells, fostering autoantigen presentation to the immune system. We observed by bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing that exposure of human induced pluripotent-derived islet-like cells to IFNα induces expression of HLA class I and of other genes involved in antigen presentation, including the transcriptional activator NLRC5. We next evaluated the global role of NLRC5 in human insulin-producing EndoC-βH1 and human islet cells by RNA sequencing and targeted gene/protein determination. NLRC5 regulates expression of HLA class I, antigen presentation-related genes, and chemokines. NLRC5 also mediates the effects of IFNα on alternative splicing, a generator of β cell neoantigens, suggesting that it is a central player of the effects of IFNα on β cells that contribute to trigger and amplify autoimmunity in T1D.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid35954309,

title = {The Protective Action of Metformin against Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine-Induced Human Islet Cell Damage and the Mechanisms Involved},

author = {Laura Giusti and Marta Tesi and Federica Ciregia and Lorella Marselli and Lorenzo Zallocco and Mara Suleiman and Carmela De Luca and Silvia Del Guerra and Mariachiara Zuccarini and Marco Trerotola and Decio L Eizirik and Miriam Cnop and Maria R Mazzoni and Piero Marchetti and Antonio Lucacchini and Maurizio Ronci},

doi = {10.3390/cells11152465},

issn = {2073-4409},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-01},

journal = {Cells},

volume = {11},

number = {15},

abstract = {Metformin, a drug widely used in type 2 diabetes (T2D), has been shown to protect human β-cells exposed to gluco- and/or lipotoxic conditions and those in islets from T2D donors. We assessed whether metformin could relieve the human β-cell stress induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines (which mediate β-cells damage in type 1 diabetes, T1D) and investigated the underlying mechanisms using shotgun proteomics. Human islets were exposed to 50 U/mL interleukin-1β plus 1000 U/mL interferon-γ for 48 h, with or without 2.4 µg/mL metformin. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and caspase 3/7 activity were studied, and a shotgun label free proteomics analysis was performed. Metformin prevented the reduction of GSIS and the activation of caspase 3/7 induced by cytokines. Proteomics analysis identified more than 3000 proteins in human islets. Cytokines alone altered the expression of 244 proteins (145 up- and 99 down-regulated), while, in the presence of metformin, cytokine-exposure modified the expression of 231 proteins (128 up- and 103 downregulated). Among the proteins inversely regulated in the two conditions, we found proteins involved in vesicle motility, defense against oxidative stress (including peroxiredoxins), metabolism, protein synthesis, glycolysis and its regulation, and cytoskeletal proteins. Metformin inhibited pathways linked to inflammation, immune reactions, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, and cell senescence. Some of the changes were confirmed by Western blot. Therefore, metformin prevented part of the deleterious actions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human β-cells, which was accompanied by islet proteome modifications. This suggests that metformin, besides use in T2D, might be considered for β-cell protection in other types of diabetes, possibly including early T1D.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid35954911,

title = {Effectiveness of Whole-Body High-Intensity Interval Training on Health-Related Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis},

author = {Corentin Scoubeau and Bruno Bonnechère and Miriam Cnop and Vitalie Faoro and Malgorzata Klass},

doi = {10.3390/ijerph19159559},

issn = {1660-4601},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-01},

journal = {Int J Environ Res Public Health},

volume = {19},

number = {15},

abstract = {Due to its versatility, whole-body high-intensity interval training (WB-HIIT) can be proposed to the general population and patients to improve health-related fitness. However, its effectiveness compared to traditional aerobic continuous or interval trainings has yet to be determined. A search of four electronic databases was conducted. Studies reporting the effects of WB-HIIT on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), fat mass, fat-free mass, musculoskeletal fitness and metabolic risk factors were included. Standardized mean differences (SMD) between WB-HIIT and no exercise or traditional aerobic trainings were calculated. A meta-regression assessed the effect of total training time on the different outcomes. Twenty-two studies were included in the systematic review and nineteen in the meta-analysis. Compared to no exercise, WB-HIIT improves CRF (SMD: 0.75; 95%CI: 0.28, 1.23; p < 0.001), fat-free mass (SMD: 0.38; 95%CI: 0.11, 0.65; p < 0.001), fat mass (SMD: 0.40; 95%CI: 0.09, 0.72; p < 0.001) and musculoskeletal fitness (SMD: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.61, 1.08; p < 0.001). Compared to other aerobic trainings, WB-HIIT has a lower effect on CRF (SMD: −0.40; 95%CI: −0.70, −0.11; p = 0.007), a similar effect on fat-free mass (SMD: −0.04; 95%CI: −0.44, 0.35; p = 0.8) and fat mass (SMD: −0.07; 95%CI: −0.39, 0.25; p = 0.7), and a larger effect on musculoskeletal fitness (SMD: 0.42; 95%CI: 0.14, 0.71; p = 0.003). WB-HIIT overall effect and specific effect on CRF and fat mass were associated with total training time. The systematic review did not provide evidence of metabolic risk improvement. Despite a slightly lower effect on CRF, WB-HIIT is equally effective as traditional aerobic trainings to improve body composition and more effective to enhance musculoskeletal fitness, which is essential for execution of daily tasks.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid35806437,

title = {The Role of Beta Cell Recovery in Type 2 Diabetes Remission},

author = {Mara Suleiman and Lorella Marselli and Miriam Cnop and Decio L Eizirik and Carmela De Luca and Francesca R Femia and Marta Tesi and Silvia Del Guerra and Piero Marchetti},

doi = {10.3390/ijms23137435},

issn = {1422-0067},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-01},

journal = {Int J Mol Sci},

volume = {23},

number = {13},

abstract = {Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been considered a relentlessly worsening disease, due to the progressive deterioration of the pancreatic beta cell functional mass. Recent evidence indicates, however, that remission of T2D may occur in variable proportions of patients after specific treatments that are associated with recovery of beta cell function. Here we review the available information on the recovery of beta cells in (a) non-diabetic individuals previously exposed to metabolic stress; (b) T2D patients following low-calorie diets, pharmacological therapies or bariatric surgery; (c) human islets isolated from non-diabetic organ donors that recover from "lipo-glucotoxic" conditions; and (d) human islets isolated from T2D organ donors and exposed to specific treatments. The improvement of insulin secretion reported by these studies and the associated molecular traits unveil the possibility to promote T2D remission by directly targeting pancreatic beta cells.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid35351144,

title = {Physical activity enhances the improvement of body mass index and metabolism by inulin: a multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial performed in obese individuals},

author = {Julie Rodriguez and Audrey M Neyrinck and Maxime Van Kerckhoven and Marco A Gianfrancesco and Edith Renguet and Luc Bertrand and Patrice D Cani and Nicolas Lanthier and Miriam Cnop and Nicolas Paquot and Jean-Paul Thissen and Laure B Bindels and Nathalie M Delzenne},

doi = {10.1186/s12916-022-02299-z},

issn = {1741-7015},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-01},

journal = {BMC Med},

volume = {20},

number = {1},

pages = {110},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Dietary interventions targeting the gut microbiota have been proposed as innovative strategies to improve obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Increasing physical activity (PA) is considered as a key behavioral change for improving health. We have tested the hypothesis that changing the PA status during a nutritional intervention based on prebiotic supplementation can alter or even change the metabolic response to the prebiotic. We confirm in obese subjects and in high-fat diet fed mice that performing PA in parallel to a prebiotic supplementation is necessary to observe metabolic improvements upon inulin.



METHODS: A randomized, single-blinded, multicentric, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in obese participants who received 16 g/day native inulin versus maltodextrin, coupled to dietary advice to consume inulin-rich versus -poor vegetables for 3 months, respectively, in addition to dietary caloric restriction. Primary outcomes concern the changes on the gut microbiota composition, and secondary outcomes are related to the measures of anthropometric and metabolic parameters, as well as the evaluation of PA. Among the 106 patients who completed the study, 61 patients filled a questionnaire for PA before and after intervention (placebo: n = 31, prebiotic: n = 30). Except the dietitian (who provided dietary advices and recipes book), all participants and research staff were blinded to the treatments and no advices related to PA were given to participants in order to change their habits. In parallel, a preclinical study was designed combining both inulin supplementation and voluntary exercise in a model of diet-induced obesity in mice.



RESULTS: Obese subjects who increased PA during a 3 months intervention with inulin-enriched diet exhibited several clinical improvements such as reduced BMI (- 1.6 kg/m), decreased liver enzymes and plasma cholesterol, and improved glucose tolerance. Interestingly, the regulations of Bifidobacterium, Dialister, and Catenibacterium genera by inulin were only significant when participants exercised more. In obese mice, we highlighted a greater gut fermentation of inulin and improved glucose homeostasis when PA is combined with prebiotics.



CONCLUSION: We conclude that PA level is an important determinant of the success of a dietary intervention targeting the gut microbiota.



TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03852069 (February 22, 2019 retrospectively registered).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid36060810,

title = {In depth functional characterization of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived beta cells  and },

author = {Federica Fantuzzi and Sanna Toivonen and Andrea Alex Schiavo and Heeyoung Chae and Mohammad Tariq and Toshiaki Sawatani and Nathalie Pachera and Ying Cai and Chiara Vinci and Enrico Virgilio and Laurence Ladriere and Mara Suleiman and Piero Marchetti and Jean-Christophe Jonas and Patrick Gilon and Décio L Eizirik and Mariana Igoillo-Esteve and Miriam Cnop},

doi = {10.3389/fcell.2022.967765},

issn = {2296-634X},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Front Cell Dev Biol},

volume = {10},

pages = {967765},

abstract = { differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into beta cells represents an important cell source for diabetes research. Here, we fully characterized iPSC-derived beta cell function  and  in humanized mice. Using a 7-stage protocol, human iPSCs were differentiated into islet-like aggregates with a yield of insulin-positive beta cells comparable to that of human islets. The last three stages of differentiation were conducted with two different 3D culture systems, rotating suspension or static microwells. In the latter, homogeneously small-sized islet-like aggregates were obtained, while in rotating suspension size was heterogeneous and aggregates often clumped.  function was assessed by glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, NAD(P)H and calcium fluctuations. Stage 7 aggregates slightly increased insulin release in response to glucose . Aggregates were transplanted under the kidney capsule of NOD-SCID mice to allow for further  beta cell maturation. In transplanted mice, grafts showed glucose-responsiveness and maintained normoglycemia after streptozotocin injection.  kidney perfusion assays showed modulation of human insulin secretion in response to different secretagogues. In conclusion, iPSCs differentiated with equal efficiency into beta cells in microwells compared to rotating suspension, but the former had a higher experimental success rate.  differentiation generated aggregates lacking fully mature beta cell function. , beta cells acquired the functional characteristics typical of human islets. With this technology an unlimited supply of islet-like organoids can be generated from human iPSCs that will be instrumental to study beta cell biology and dysfunction in diabetes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid34890851,

title = {Neuropeptide Y1 receptor antagonism protects β-cells and improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes},

author = {Chieh-Hsin Yang and Danise Ann-Onda and Xuzhu Lin and Stacey Fynch and Shaktypreya Nadarajah and Evan G Pappas and Xin Liu and John W Scott and Jonathan S Oakhill and Sandra Galic and Yanchuan Shi and Alba Moreno-Asso and Cassandra Smith and Thomas Loudovaris and Itamar Levinger and Decio L Eizirik and D Ross Laybutt and Herbert Herzog and Helen E Thomas and Kim Loh},

doi = {10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101413},

issn = {2212-8778},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Mol Metab},

volume = {55},

pages = {101413},

abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Loss of functional β-cell mass is a key factor contributing to poor glycemic control in advanced type 2 diabetes (T2D). We have previously reported that the inhibition of the neuropeptide Y1 receptor improves the islet transplantation outcome in type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim of this study was to identify the pathophysiological role of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) system in human T2D and further evaluate the therapeutic potential of using the Y1 receptor antagonist BIBO3304 to improve β-cell function and survival in T2D.



METHODS: The gene expression of the NPY system in human islets from nondiabetic subjects and subjects with T2D was determined and correlated with the stimulation index. The glucose-lowering and β-cell-protective effects of BIBO3304, a selective orally bioavailable Y1 receptor antagonist, in high-fat diet (HFD)/multiple low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced and genetically obese (db/db) T2D mouse models were assessed.



RESULTS: In this study, we identified a more than 2-fold increase in NPY1R and its ligand, NPY mRNA expression in human islets from subjects with T2D, which was significantly associated with reduced insulin secretion. Consistently, the pharmacological inhibition of Y1 receptors by BIBO3304 significantly protected β cells from dysfunction and death under multiple diabetogenic conditions in islets. In a preclinical study, we demonstrated that the inhibition of Y1 receptors by BIBO3304 led to reduced adiposity and enhanced insulin action in the skeletal muscle. Importantly, the Y1 receptor antagonist BIBO3304 treatment also improved β-cell function and preserved functional β-cell mass, thereby resulting in better glycemic control in both HFD/multiple low-dose STZ-induced and db/db T2D mice.



CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed a novel causal link between increased islet NPY-Y1 receptor gene expression and β-cell dysfunction and failure in human T2D, contributing to the understanding of the pathophysiology of T2D. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the inhibition of the Y1 receptor by BIBO3304 represents a potential β-cell-protective therapy for improving functional β-cell mass and glycemic control in T2D.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid35011021,

title = {Microbiota and Metabolite Profiling as Markers of Mood Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study in Obese Patients},

author = {Quentin Leyrolle and Renata Cserjesi and Romane Demeure and Audrey M Neyrinck and Camille Amadieu and Julie Rodriguez and Olli Kärkkäinen and Kati Hanhineva and Nicolas Paquot and Miriam Cnop and Patrice D Cani and Jean-Paul Thissen and Laure B Bindels and Olivier Klein and Olivier Luminet and Nathalie M Delzenne},

doi = {10.3390/nu14010147},

issn = {2072-6643},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-01},

journal = {Nutrients},

volume = {14},

number = {1},

abstract = {Obesity is associated with an increased risk of several neurological and psychiatric diseases, but few studies report the contribution of biological features in the occurrence of mood disorders in obese patients. The aim of the study is to evaluate the potential links between serum metabolomics and gut microbiome, and mood disturbances in a cohort of obese patients. Psychological, biological characteristics and nutritional habits were evaluated in 94 obese subjects from the Food4Gut study stratified according to their mood score assessed by the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The fecal gut microbiota and plasma non-targeted metabolomics were analysed. Obese subjects with increased negative mood display elevated levels of  as well as decreased levels of  and . Serum metabolite profile analysis reveals in these subjects altered levels of several amino acid-derived metabolites, such as an increased level of L-histidine and a decreased in phenylacetylglutamine, linked to altered gut microbiota composition and function rather than to differences in dietary amino acid intake. Regarding clinical profile, we did not observe any differences between both groups. Our results reveal new microbiota-derived metabolites that characterize the alterations of mood in obese subjects, thereby allowing to propose new targets to tackle mood disturbances in this context. Food4gut, clinicaltrial.gov: NCT03852069.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid34922569,

title = {PDIA3 inhibits mitochondrial respiratory function in brain endothelial cells and C. elegans through STAT3 signaling and decreases survival after OGD},

author = {Matt P Keasey and V Razskazovskiy and C Jia and E D Peterknecht and P C Bradshaw and T Hagg},

doi = {10.1186/s12964-021-00794-z},

issn = {1478-811X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-01},

journal = {Cell Commun Signal},

volume = {19},

number = {1},

pages = {119},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3, also named GRP58, ER-60, ERp57) is conserved across species and mediates protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. PDIA3 is, reportedly, a chaperone for STAT3. However, the role of PDIA3 in regulating mitochondrial bioenergetics and STAT3 phosphorylation at serine 727 (S727) has not been described.nnMETHODS: Mitochondrial respiration was compared in immortalized human cerebral microvascular cells (CMEC) wild type or null for PDIA3 and in whole organism C. Elegans WT or null for pdi-3 (worm homologue). Mitochondrial morphology and cell signaling pathways in PDIA3-/- and WT cells were assessed. PDIA3-/- cells were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) to determine the effects of PDIA3 on cell survival after injury.nnRESULTS: We show that PDIA3 gene deletion using CRISPR-Cas9 in cultured CMECs leads to an increase in mitochondrial bioenergetic function. In C. elegans, gene deletion or RNAi knockdown of pdi-3 also increased respiratory rates, confirming a conserved role for this gene in regulating mitochondrial bioenergetics. The PDIA3-/- bioenergetic phenotype was reversed by overexpression of WT PDIA3 in cultured PDIA3-/- CMECs. PDIA3-/- and siRNA knockdown caused an increase in phosphorylation of the S727 residue of STAT3, which is known to promote mitochondrial bioenergetic function. Increased respiration in PDIA3-/- CMECs was reversed by a STAT3 inhibitor. In PDIA3-/- CMECs, mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species production, but not mitochondrial mass, was increased, suggesting an increased mitochondrial bioenergetic capacity. Finally, PDIA3-/- CMECs were more resistant to oxygen-glucose deprivation, while STAT3 inhibition reduced the protective effect.nnCONCLUSIONS: We have discovered a novel role for PDIA3 in suppressing mitochondrial bioenergetic function by inhibiting STAT3 S727 phosphorylation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid34922569b,

title = {PDIA3 inhibits mitochondrial respiratory function in brain endothelial cells and C. elegans through STAT3 signaling and decreases survival after OGD},

author = {Matt P Keasey and V Razskazovskiy and C Jia and E D Peterknecht and P C Bradshaw and T Hagg},

doi = {10.1186/s12964-021-00794-z},

issn = {1478-811X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-01},

journal = {Cell Commun Signal},

volume = {19},

number = {1},

pages = {119},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3, also named GRP58, ER-60, ERp57) is conserved across species and mediates protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. PDIA3 is, reportedly, a chaperone for STAT3. However, the role of PDIA3 in regulating mitochondrial bioenergetics and STAT3 phosphorylation at serine 727 (S727) has not been described.nnMETHODS: Mitochondrial respiration was compared in immortalized human cerebral microvascular cells (CMEC) wild type or null for PDIA3 and in whole organism C. Elegans WT or null for pdi-3 (worm homologue). Mitochondrial morphology and cell signaling pathways in PDIA3-/- and WT cells were assessed. PDIA3-/- cells were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) to determine the effects of PDIA3 on cell survival after injury.nnRESULTS: We show that PDIA3 gene deletion using CRISPR-Cas9 in cultured CMECs leads to an increase in mitochondrial bioenergetic function. In C. elegans, gene deletion or RNAi knockdown of pdi-3 also increased respiratory rates, confirming a conserved role for this gene in regulating mitochondrial bioenergetics. The PDIA3-/- bioenergetic phenotype was reversed by overexpression of WT PDIA3 in cultured PDIA3-/- CMECs. PDIA3-/- and siRNA knockdown caused an increase in phosphorylation of the S727 residue of STAT3, which is known to promote mitochondrial bioenergetic function. Increased respiration in PDIA3-/- CMECs was reversed by a STAT3 inhibitor. In PDIA3-/- CMECs, mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species production, but not mitochondrial mass, was increased, suggesting an increased mitochondrial bioenergetic capacity. Finally, PDIA3-/- CMECs were more resistant to oxygen-glucose deprivation, while STAT3 inhibition reduced the protective effect.nnCONCLUSIONS: We have discovered a novel role for PDIA3 in suppressing mitochondrial bioenergetic function by inhibiting STAT3 S727 phosphorylation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid34644572,

title = {TIGER: The gene expression regulatory variation landscape of human pancreatic islets},

author = {Lorena Alonso and Anthony Piron and Ignasi Morán and Marta Guindo-Martínez and Sílvia Bonàs-Guarch and Goutham Atla and Irene Miguel-Escalada and Romina Royo and Montserrat Puiggròs and Xavier Garcia-Hurtado and Mara Suleiman and Lorella Marselli and Jonathan L S Esguerra and Jean-Valéry Turatsinze and Jason M Torres and Vibe Nylander and Ji Chen and Lena Eliasson and Matthieu Defrance and Ramon Amela and  and Hindrik Mulder and Anna L Gloyn and Leif Groop and Piero Marchetti and Decio L Eizirik and Jorge Ferrer and Josep M Mercader and Miriam Cnop and David Torrents},

doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109807},

issn = {2211-1247},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-01},

journal = {Cell Rep},

volume = {37},

number = {2},

pages = {109807},

abstract = {Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) identified hundreds of signals associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). To gain insight into their underlying molecular mechanisms, we have created the translational human pancreatic islet genotype tissue-expression resource (TIGER), aggregating >500 human islet genomic datasets from five cohorts in the Horizon 2020 consortium T2DSystems. We impute genotypes using four reference panels and meta-analyze cohorts to improve the coverage of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and develop a method to combine allele-specific expression across samples (cASE). We identify >1 million islet eQTLs, 53 of which colocalize with T2D signals. Among them, a low-frequency allele that reduces T2D risk by half increases CCND2 expression. We identify eight cASE colocalizations, among which we found a T2D-associated SLC30A8 variant. We make all data available through the TIGER portal (http://tiger.bsc.es), which represents a comprehensive human islet genomic data resource to elucidate how genetic variation affects islet function and translates into therapeutic insight and precision medicine for T2D.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid34144091,

title = {MCPIP1 is a novel link between diabetogenic conditions and impaired insulin secretory capacity},

author = {Karolina Tyka and Anne Jörns and Alessia Dunst and Yadi Tang and Tenna Holgersen Bryde and Ilir Mehmeti and Anna Walentinsson and Lorella Marselli and Miriam Cnop and Björn Tyrberg and Michal T Marzec and Ewa Gurgul-Convey},

doi = {10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166199},

issn = {1879-260X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-01},

journal = {Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis},

volume = {1867},

number = {10},

pages = {166199},

abstract = {During diabetes development insulin production and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) are defective due to inflammation-related, yet not fully understood mechanisms. MCPIP1 (monocyte chemotactic protein-induced protein-1) is a strong regulator of inflammation, and acts predominantly as a specific RNase. The impact of MCPIP1 on insulin secretory capacity is unknown. We show that the expression of the ZC3H12A gene, which encodes MCPIP1, was induced by T1DM- and by T2DM-simulating conditions, with a stronger effect of cytokines. The number of MCPIP1-positive pancreatic islet-cells, including beta-cells, was significantly higher in diabetic compared to nondiabetic individuals. In the 3'UTR regions of mRNAs coding for Pdx1 (pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1), FoxO1 (forkhead box protein O1), and of a novel regulator of insulin handling, Grp94 (glucose-regulated protein 94), MCPIP1-target structures were detected. Overexpression of the wild type MCPIP1, but not of the mutant MCPIP1 (lacking the RNase activity), decreased the expression of genes involved in insulin production and GSIS. Additionally INS1-E-MCPIP1 cells exhibited a higher Ire1 (inositol-requiring enzyme 1) expression. MCPIP1 overexpression blunted GSIS and glucose-mediated calcium influx with no deleterious effects on glucose uptake or glucokinase activity. We identify MCPIP1 as a new common link between diabetogenic conditions and beta-cell failure. MCPIP1 may serve as an interesting target for novel beta-cell protective approaches.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33544206,

title = {Prebiotic dietary fibre intervention improves fecal markers related to inflammation in obese patients: results from the Food4Gut randomized placebo-controlled trial},

author = {Audrey M Neyrinck and Julie Rodriguez and Zhengxiao Zhang and Benjamin Seethaler and Cándido Robles Sánchez and Martin Roumain and Sophie Hiel and Laure B Bindels and Patrice D Cani and Nicolas Paquot and Miriam Cnop and Julie-Anne Nazare and Martine Laville and Giulio G Muccioli and Stephan C Bischoff and Jens Walter and Jean-Paul Thissen and Nathalie M Delzenne},

doi = {10.1007/s00394-021-02484-5},

issn = {1436-6215},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-01},

journal = {Eur J Nutr},

volume = {60},

number = {6},

pages = {3159--3170},

abstract = {PURPOSE: Inulin-type fructans (ITF) are prebiotic dietary fibre (DF) that may confer beneficial health effects, by interacting with the gut microbiota. We have tested the hypothesis that a dietary intervention promoting inulin intake versus placebo influences fecal microbial-derived metabolites and markers related to gut integrity and inflammation in obese patients.



METHODS: Microbiota (16S rRNA sequencing), long- and short-chain fatty acids (LCFA, SCFA), bile acids, zonulin, and calprotectin were analyzed in fecal samples obtained from obese patients included in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Participants received either 16 g/d native inulin (prebiotic n = 12) versus maltodextrin (placebo n = 12), coupled to dietary advice to consume inulin-rich versus inulin-poor vegetables for 3 months, in addition to dietary caloric restriction.



RESULTS: Both placebo and prebiotic interventions lowered energy and protein intake. A substantial increase in Bifidobacterium was detected after ITF treatment (q = 0.049) supporting our recent data obtained in a larger cohort. Interestingly, fecal calprotectin, a marker of gut inflammation, was reduced upon ITF treatment. Both prebiotic and placebo interventions increased the ratio of tauro-conjugated/free bile acids in feces. Prebiotic treatment did not significantly modify fecal SCFA content but it increased fecal rumenic acid, a conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9, trans-11 CLA) with immunomodulatory properties, that correlated notably to the expansion of Bifidobacterium (p = 0.031; r = 0.052).



CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that ITF-prebiotic intake during 3 months decreases a fecal marker of intestinal inflammation in obese patients. Our data point to a potential contribution of microbial lipid-derived metabolites in gastro-intestinal dysfunction related to obesity. CLINICALTRIALS.



GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT03852069 (February 22, 2019 retrospectively, registered).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid34241569,

title = {A functional genomic approach to identify reference genes for human pancreatic beta cell real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis},

author = {Maria Inês Alvelos and Florian Szymczak and Ângela Castela and Sandra Marín-Cañas and Bianca Marmontel de Souza and Ioannis Gkantounas and Maikel Colli and Federica Fantuzzi and Cristina Cosentino and Mariana Igoillo-Esteve and Lorella Marselli and Piero Marchetti and Miriam Cnop and Décio L Eizirik},

doi = {10.1080/19382014.2021.1948282},

issn = {1938-2022},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-07-01},

journal = {Islets},

volume = {13},

number = {3-4},

pages = {51--65},

abstract = {Exposure of human pancreatic beta cells to pro-inflammatory cytokines or metabolic stressors is used to model events related to type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR is commonly used to quantify changes in gene expression. The selection of the most adequate reference gene(s) for gene expression normalization is an important pre-requisite to obtain accurate and reliable results. There are no universally applicable reference genes, and the human beta cell expression of commonly used reference genes can be altered by different stressors. Here we aimed to identify the most stably expressed genes in human beta cells to normalize quantitative real-time PCR gene expression.We used comprehensive RNA-sequencing data from the human pancreatic beta cell line EndoC-βH1, human islets exposed to cytokines or the free fatty acid palmitate in order to identify the most stably expressed genes. Genes were filtered based on their level of significance (adjusted -value >0.05), fold-change (|fold-change| <1.5) and a coefficient of variation <10%. Candidate reference genes were validated by quantitative real-time PCR in independent samples.We identified a total of 264 genes stably expressed in EndoC-βH1 cells and human islets following cytokines - or palmitate-induced stress, displaying a low coefficient of variation. Validation by quantitative real-time PCR of the top five genes  and  corroborated their expression stability under most of the tested conditions. Further validation in independent samples indicated that the geometric mean of  and  expression can be used as a reliable normalizing factor in human beta cells.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33079780,

title = {Protein misfolding in combination with other risk factors in CEL-HYB1-mediated chronic pancreatitis},

author = {Erling Tjora and Anny Gravdal and Trond Engjom and Miriam Cnop and Bente B Johansson and Georg G Dimcevski and Anders Molven and Karianne Fjeld},

doi = {10.1097/MEG.0000000000001963},

issn = {1473-5687},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-01},

journal = {Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol},

volume = {33},

number = {6},

pages = {839--843},

abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The hybrid allele of the carboxyl ester lipase gene (CEL-HYB1) is a genetic risk factor for chronic pancreatitis (CP) although the mechanism promoting disease development is largely unknown. Here, we aimed to clinically describe subjects carrying the CEL-HYB1 allele and to elucidate why the protein product is pathogenic by analyzing pancreatic secretions and cellular models.



METHODS: Norwegian cases (n = 154) diagnosed with recurrent acute pancreatitis or CP were subjected to genetic screening by a CEL-HYB1-specific PCR assay followed by Sanger sequencing. For investigation of CEL-HYB1 protein secretion, duodenal juice samples from cases and controls were analyzed by western blotting. HEK293cells were transfected with constructs expressing CEL-HYB1 or the normal CEL protein (CEL-WT) and analyzed by qPCR, cell fractionation and western blotting.



RESULTS: Two CEL-HYB1-positive families were identified. In both pedigrees, CEL-HYB1 did not fully co-segregate with disease. One proband had recurrent acute pancreatitis and was an active smoker. Her mother was a CEL-HYB1 carrier who had suffered from several attacks of acute pancreatitis until she stopped smoking. The other proband was diagnosed with CP and pancreas divisum. Her CEL-HYB1-positive parent was symptom-free but exhibited pancreatic imaging changes. When analyzing the CEL protein in duodenal juice, CEL-WT was readily detectable but no band corresponding to the risk variant was seen. In CEL-HYB1-transfected cells, we observed impaired protein secretion, protein aggregation and endoplasmic reticulum stress.



CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that CEL-HYB1, in combination with well-known pancreatitis risk factors, causes disease through the misfolding-dependent pathway of genetic CP risk.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33515740,

title = {Prebiotic effect on mood in obese patients is determined by the initial gut microbiota composition: A randomized, controlled trial},

author = {Quentin Leyrolle and Renata Cserjesi and Maria D G H Mulders and Giorgia Zamariola and Sophie Hiel and Marco A Gianfrancesco and Daphné Portheault and Camille Amadieu and Laure B Bindels and Sophie Leclercq and Julie Rodriguez and Audrey M Neyrinck and Patrice D Cani and Nicolas Lanthier and Pierre Trefois and Jérome Bindelle and Nicolas Paquot and Miriam Cnop and Jean-Paul Thissen and Olivier Klein and Olivier Luminet and Nathalie M Delzenne},

doi = {10.1016/j.bbi.2021.01.014},

issn = {1090-2139},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-05-01},

journal = {Brain Behav Immun},

volume = {94},

pages = {289--298},

abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Metabolic and behavioural diseases, which are often related to obesity, have been associated to alterations of the gut microbiota considered as an interesting therapeutic target. We have analyzed in a cohort of obese patients treated with prebiotic inulin versus placebo the potential link between gut microbiota changes occurring upon intervention and their effect on psychological parameters (mood and cognition).



METHODS: A randomized, single-blinded, multicentric, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 106 obese patients assigned to two groups: prebiotic versus placebo, who received respectively 16 g/d of native inulin or maltodextrin combined with dietary advice to consume inulin-rich or -poor vegetables for 3 months as well as to restrict caloric intake. Anthropometric measurements, food intake, psychological questionnaires, serum measures, and fecal microbiome sequencing were performed before and after the intervention.



RESULTS: Inulin supplementation in obese subjects had moderate beneficial effect on emotional competence and cognitive flexibility. However, an exploratory analysis revealed that some patients exhibiting specific microbial signature -elevated Coprococcus levels at baseline- were more prone to benefit from prebiotic supplementation in terms of mood. Positive responders toward inulin intervention in term of mood also displayed worse metabolic and inflammatory profiles at baseline (increased levels of IL-8, insulin resistance and adiposity).



CONCLUSION: This study shows that inulin intake can be helpful to improve mood in obese subjects exhibiting a specific microbial profile. The present work highlights some microbial, metabolic and inflammatory features (IL-8, insulin resistance) which can predict or mediate the beneficial effects of inulin on behaviour in obesity. Food4gut, clinicaltrial.gov: NCT03852069, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03852069.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33023763,

title = {Specific gut microbial, biological, and psychiatric profiling related to binge eating disorders: A cross-sectional study in obese patients},

author = {Quentin Leyrolle and Renata Cserjesi and Maria D G H Mulders and Giorgia Zamariola and Sophie Hiel and Marco A Gianfrancesco and Julie Rodriguez and Daphnée Portheault and Camille Amadieu and Sophie Leclercq and Laure B Bindels and Audrey M Neyrinck and Patrice D Cani and Olli Karkkainen and Kati Hanhineva and Nicolas Lanthier and Pierre Trefois and Nicolas Paquot and Miriam Cnop and Jean-Paul Thissen and Olivier Klein and Olivier Luminet and Nathalie M Delzenne},

doi = {10.1016/j.clnu.2020.09.025},

issn = {1532-1983},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-04-01},

journal = {Clin Nutr},

volume = {40},

number = {4},

pages = {2035--2044},

abstract = {BACKGROUND & AIMS: Binge eating disorder (BED) is a frequent eating disorder associated with obesity and co-morbidities including psychiatric pathologies, which represent a big health burden on the society. The biological processes related to BED remain unknown. Based on psychological testing, anthropometry, clinical biology, gut microbiota analysis and metabolomic assessment, we aimed to examine the complex biological and psychiatric profile of obese patients with and without BED.



METHODS: Psychological and biological characteristics (anthropometry, plasma biology, gut microbiota, blood pressure) of 101 obese subjects from the Food4Gut cohort were analysed to decipher the differences between BED and Non BED patients, classified based on the Questionnaire for Eating Disorder Diagnosis (Q-EDD). Microbial 16S rDNA sequencing and plasma non-targeted metabolomics (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) were performed in a subcohort of 91 and 39 patients respectively.



RESULTS: BED subjects exhibited an impaired affect balance, deficits in inhibition and self-regulation together with marked alterations of eating behaviour (increased emotional and external eating). BED subjects displayed a lower blood pressure and hip circumference. A decrease in Akkermansia and Intestimonas as well as an increase in Bifidobacterium and Anaerostipes characterized BED subjects. Interestingly, metabolomics analysis revealed that BED subjects displayed a higher level of one food contaminants, Bisphenol A bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether (BADGE.2H(2)O) and a food derived-metabolite the Isovalerylcarnitine.



CONCLUSIONS: Non-targeted omics approaches allow to select specific microbial genera and two plasma metabolites that characterize BED obese patients. Further studies are needed to confirm their potential role as drivers or biomarkers of binge eating disorder. Food4gut, clinicaltrial.gov:NCT03852069, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03852069.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33486469,

title = {DNAJC3 deficiency induces β-cell mitochondrial apoptosis and causes syndromic young-onset diabetes},

author = {Maria Lytrivi and Valérie Senée and Paraskevi Salpea and Federica Fantuzzi and Anne Philippi and Baroj Abdulkarim and Toshiaki Sawatani and Sandra Marín-Cañas and Nathalie Pachera and Anne Degavre and Pratibha Singh and Céline Derbois and Doris Lechner and Laurence Ladrière and Mariana Igoillo-Esteve and Cristina Cosentino and Lorella Marselli and Jean-François Deleuze and Piero Marchetti and Décio L Eizirik and Marc Nicolino and Annabelle Chaussenot and Cécile Julier and Miriam Cnop},

doi = {10.1530/EJE-20-0636},

issn = {1479-683X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-01},

journal = {Eur J Endocrinol},

volume = {184},

number = {3},

pages = {455--468},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: DNAJC3, also known as P58IPK, is an Hsp40 family member that interacts with and inhibits PKR-like ER-localized eIF2α kinase (PERK). Dnajc3 deficiency in mice causes pancreatic β-cell loss and diabetes. Loss-of-function mutations in DNAJC3 cause early-onset diabetes and multisystemic neurodegeneration. The aim of our study was to investigate the genetic cause of early-onset syndromic diabetes in two unrelated patients, and elucidate the mechanisms of β-cell failure in this syndrome.



METHODS: Whole exome sequencing was performed and identified variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. DNAJC3 was silenced by RNAi in INS-1E cells, primary rat β-cells, human islets, and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived β-cells. β-cell function and apoptosis were assessed, and potential mediators of apoptosis examined.



RESULTS: The two patients presented with juvenile-onset diabetes, short stature, hypothyroidism, neurodegeneration, facial dysmorphism, hypoacusis, microcephaly and skeletal bone deformities. They were heterozygous compound and homozygous for novel loss-of-function mutations in DNAJC3. DNAJC3 silencing did not impair insulin content or secretion. Instead, the knockdown induced rat and human β-cell apoptosis and further sensitized cells to endoplasmic reticulum stress, triggering mitochondrial apoptosis via the pro-apoptototic Bcl-2 proteins BIM and PUMA.



CONCLUSIONS: This report confirms previously described features and expands the clinical spectrum of syndromic DNAJC3 diabetes, one of the five monogenic forms of diabetes pertaining to the PERK pathway of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response. DNAJC3 deficiency may lead to β-cell loss through BIM- and PUMA-dependent activation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33669901,

title = {Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Induce Insulin and Glucagon Double Positive Human Islet Cells That Are Resistant to Apoptosis},

author = {Marta Tesi and Marco Bugliani and Gianmarco Ferri and Mara Suleiman and Carmela De Luca and Emanuele Bosi and Matilde Masini and Vincenzo De Tata and Conny Gysemans and Francesco Cardarelli and Miriam Cnop and Decio L Eizirik and Piero Marchetti and Lorella Marselli},

doi = {10.3390/biom11020320},

issn = {2218-273X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-02-01},

journal = {Biomolecules},

volume = {11},

number = {2},

abstract = {The presence of islet cells double positive for insulin and glucagon (Ins/Glu) has been described in the pancreas from both type 2 (T2D) and type 1 (T1D) diabetic subjects. We studied the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines on the occurrence, trajectory, and characteristics of Ins/Glu cells in human pancreatic islets. Pancreas samples, isolated islets, and dispersed islet cells from 3 T1D and 11 non-diabetic (ND) multi-organ donors were studied by immunofluorescence, confocal microscopy, and/or electron microscopy. ND islet cells were exposed to interleukin-1β and interferon-γ for up to 120 h. In T1D islets, we confirmed an increased prevalence of Ins/Glu cells. Cytokine-exposed islets showed a progressive increase of Ins/Glu cells that represented around 50% of endocrine cells after 120h. Concomitantly, cells expressing insulin granules only decreased significantly over time, whereas those containing only glucagon granules remained stable. Interestingly, Ins/Glu cells were less prone to cytokine-induced apoptosis than cells containing only insulin. Cytokine-exposed islets showed down-regulation of β-cell identity genes. In conclusion, pro-inflammatory cytokines induce Ins/Glu cells in human islets, possibly due to a switch from a β- to a β-/α-cell phenotype. These Ins/Glu cells appear to be resistant to cytokine-induced apoptosis.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33433614,

title = {Perioperative Management of Glucose-lowering Drugs: Reply},

author = {Jean-Charles Preiser and Miriam Cnop},

doi = {10.1097/ALN.0000000000003627},

issn = {1528-1175},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-02-01},

journal = {Anesthesiology},

volume = {134},

number = {2},

pages = {350--351},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}